Phrasal Verbs 2

26) drop out of
to stop attending school for example or taking part يتوقف عن الحضور لى المدرسة مثلا (يترك المدرسة) أو يتوقف عن المشاركة
He dropped out of ordinary society because it was driving him mad

27) face up to
admit to; take responsibility for يعترف أو يتحمل مسؤولية
Sooner or later, you'll have to face up to the fact that you're failing it

28) fall through
not happen for something that was planned لم يحدث شيء كان مخططا له
We had originally intended to go to Mexico for our vacation, but our trip fell through when I got sick

29) figure out
to understand; solve يفهم أو يحل أو يعرف الحل عن طريق البرهان
We couldn't figure out where all the money had gone

30) fill up
to complete (a ********, list, etc.) by supplying missing or desired information يكمل وثيقة أو لائحة بتعبأة المعلومات الناقصة أو المطلوبة
ًWe had to fill up a form before we buy these machines

31) fill in
add information to a form يقوم بتعبأة معلومات
The office needs to know your home address and phone number. Could you fill them in on this form

32) fill in for
temporarily do someone else's work; temporarily substitute for another person يقوم بعمل لشخص آخر مؤقتا أو يأخذ مكان آخر مؤقتا
At school, we have to fill in for absent teachers

33) find out
discover information يكتشف أو يعرف معلومات
I didn't find out about the meeting until just a few minutes ago

34) get along with
have a friendly relationship with يقوم على علاقة جيدة بـ
Why can't you and your sister get along? Everyone else gets along with her just fine

35) get around
avoid having to do something يتجنب القيام بعمل ما
Teresa got around the required math classes by doing well on a math proficiency test

36) get away with
to accomplish without punishment يقوم بعمل خاطئ من دون التعرض لعقاب
Some people lie and cheat and always seem to get away with it

37) get back from
return from a place يرجع من مكان
We got back from Paris this morning

38) get in; get into
enter يدخل
She got in her car and drove away

39) get off
to leave (a train, plane, etc.); dismount from (a horse) ينزل من السيارة او القطار إلخ أو ينزل من على الحصان
When you get off the bus, cross the street and you will be there

40) get on
enter an airplane, a bus, a train, etc... يركب طائرة، باص، قطار،إلخ
He got on the train and waved for us to leave

41) get out of
escape having to do something يتهرب من القيام بعمل ما
Lisa said she had a terrible headache and got out of giving her speech today

42) get over
recover from an illness or painful experience يتغلب على مرض أو تجربة مؤلمة
She thought she would never get over feeling so stupid

43) get rid of
dispose of يتخلص من
That shirt is really ugly. Why don't you get rid of it

44) get through
to complete; finish ينجز أو ينهي
How he ever got through college is a mystery

45) get up
arise from bed, a chair بينهض من السرير أو بقوم عن الكرسي
You'll have to get up much earlier than usual tomorrow

46) give back
return an item to someone يعيد غرض لشخص ما
You haven't given back the books you borrowed from me

47) give up
stop trying يستسلم
He gave up trying to get an answer

48) go over
review or check carefully يراجع أو يفحص بدقة
Jack went over the paper checking for any spelling mistakes

49) go through
experience يعيش تجربة
Mary went through a lot of troubles

50) grow up
become an adult ينضج
behave as an adult, not a child يتصرف بعقلانية
Lee really irritates me sometimes. He's really silly and childish. I wish he would grow up

Phrasal Verbs

What are phrasal verbs
The term phrasal verb refers to a verb and preposition which together have a special meaning. For example, call off means "cancel." Phrasal verbs are also known as two-word verbs or three-word verbs

Phrasal verbs هي كلمة تطلق على أفعال يضاف إليها أحرف جر مما يؤدي إلى تغيير معنى الفعل كلياً. مثلاً، الفعل call يعني ينادي و لكن عندما أضفنا حرف الجر off للفعل call أصبحت عبارة call off تعني يلغي. phrasal verbs يطلق عليها أيضا إسم two-word verbs أو three-word verbs

Following you will find the most commonly used phrasal verbs together with their meanings and an example on each phrasal verb
هذه أكثر أفعال phrasal verbs استعمالا طبعا مع شرح معانيها و بأمثلة أيضاً.

1) ask out
ask someone to go on a date: يطلب من شخص موعدا للخروج سويا
We've been asked out to dinner twice this week

2) bring about, bring on
cause يسبب
Land reform brought about a great change in the lives of the common people
This incident will surely bring on a crisis.

3) bring up
rear children (a يربي أولاد
Every mother has to bring up her children properly

mention or introduce a topic (b يفتح أو يبدأ موضوع (للحديث)
The students brought up the question of racial discrimination in class

4) bring off
to accomplish ينجز
The manager brought off a big business deal

5) call back
return a telephone call يعاود الاتصال
The actor was called back for a second audition

6) call in
to call upon for consultation; ask for help يطلب للاستشارة أو المساعدة
Two specialists were called in to assist in the operation

7) call off
to cancel (something) that had been planned for a certain date يلغي شيئا كان قد حدد له موعد
The performance was called off because of rain

8)call on
to visit يزرو
I like to call on friends

9) call up
to communicate or try to communicate with by telephone يتصل بأحد على التليفون
I will call him up to ask about his health

10) catch up with
reach the same level pr position يصل لنفس المستوى أو المركز
They tried to catch up with the leader in a race

11) check in, check into
to register, as at a hotel يسجل حضور أو يحجز في فندق مثلا
We checked in at the reception desk

12) check out
take a book from a library (a يأخذ كتاب من المكتبة (للاستعارة)
This book was checked out in your name

investigate (b يدقق أو يفحص
The policeman checked out the validity of the driving license

13) check out of
leave a hotel يغادر الفندق (يسجل خروج)
We checked out of the hotel this morning

14) cheer up
make (someone) feel happier يُفرح أو يسعد
This fine weather should cheer you up

15) clean up
to wash or tidy up ينظف و يرتب
The maid cleaned up the house after the party

16) come across
meet by chance يلتقي صدفة
I came across this picture when I was cleaning out the attic

17) cut out
stop an annoying activity يوقف أو ينهي شيء مزعج
Let's cut out the talking and get back to work

18) cut down
to lessen; decrease يخفف أو يقلل
The doctors have told me to cut down on between-meal snacks

19) cut in
to drive into a space between cars in a dangerous way likely to cause an accident يقود بين سيارتين بشكل خطير قد يسبب حادث
A speeding car cut in and nearly caused a crash

20) cut off
to stop suddenly; disconnect يتوقف فجأة أو يفصل
We were cut off in the middle of our telephone conversation

21) cut up
to cut into pieces or sections يقطع إلى قطع صغيرة
The butcher cut up the chicken into small cubes

22) do over
do again يعيد العمل
Tom was not satisfied with the work so he did it over and over until it was good

23) do without
dispense with يستغني عن
The store doesn't have any lemons, so you'll have to do without

24) drop by, drop in
To stop in for a short visit يقوم بزيارة خاطفة أو سريعة
Drop in and and see us when you're come to London

25) drop off
To decrease يقل أو ينقص
Sales dropped off in the fourth quarter

English Most Confusable Words توضيح الفروق بين الكلمات الانجليزيه الصعبه

Whether

إذا / لو و هى تستخدم لربط السؤال فى الكلام غير المباشر

is used in indirect questions to introduce one alternative.

Weather
حالة الطقس أو الجو


is a noun meaning the state of the atmosphere at a given time and place.
I'm not sure whether he is from Bolton or from Blackpool.
I am certain that the weather is going to be fantastic tomorrow.

Affect
فعل و تعنى يؤثر على

is a verb meaning to have an influence on

Effect
اسم و تعنى ثأثير ( بسبب عامل آخر )

is a noun meaning a cause of change brought about by an agent.
Poor grammar may affect your essay marks.
Poor grammar had a huge effect on his academic achievements.

Uninterested
صفة : وجده مملا

means to find something boring or dull.

Disinterested means impartial.
غير متحيز

I am uninterested in this book; it is totally boring.
The judge and jury are personally disinterested in the outcome of the case.

Loose
صفة – غير مثبت جيدا – واسع فضفاض


is an adjective meaning not fastened, contained or restrained.

Lose
فعل بمعنى يفقد

is a verb and has many meanings such as not to win, to mislay etc
That roof tile is loose and might fall at any minute.
You must not lose that cheque.

Cite
يستشهد بقول أو بمثال

is a verb meaning to quote as an authority or example.

Sight
اسم بمعنى مشهد أو منظر

is a noun meaning the ability to see or something that is seen.

Site
اسم و تعنى المكان

is a noun meaning a place or setting of something.
In a good essay, it is important to cite expert opinion.
In his old age he had poor sight.
This would be a good site for a new golf course.

Allowed
صفة و تعنى – مسموح له


this is the past participle of the verb to allow and means given permission.

Aloud
صفة و تعنى مرتفع و خاصة مع الصوت

this is an adjective and means using a (loud) voice.
You are not allowed to go to the cinema this evening.
He was asked to read the poem aloud.

Comprise
فعل و يعنى مكون من أو يتألف من

is a verb meaning to consist of or be composed of.
Compose
فعل بمعنى – يشكل أو يؤلف

to make up the constituent parts of.
The USA comprises 50 states.
The USA is composed of 50 states.

Accept
فعل يعنى يوافق على

is a verb and has many meanings among which are to receive something.


Except
حرف جر و يعنى باستثناء أو إلا

is a preposition meaning 'with the exclusion of'.
I would like you to accept this gift.
All his friends came to the party except Jim who was in hospital.

Elicit
فعل بمعنى يستخرج

is a verb meaning to bring or draw out/gather information.

Illicit
صفة و تعنى محظور – ممنوع

is an adjective meaning not sanctioned by custom or law.
I tried to elicit information from my interviewees.
The football manager was involved in an illicit affair.

Imply
فعل : يمح لـــ

To express or indicate indirectly.

Infer
يستدل أو يستنتج

To conclude from evidence or premises.
Somebody will imply something and the recipient of the implication will infer from it.
She tried to imply that I could not understand the question.
From what he said, I was able to infer that he did not understand
the situation.

Incredible
صفة رائع مهول لا يصدق

so implausible as to elicit disbelief/astonishing

Incredulous
صفة : شكاك ميال إلى الشك

skeptical of disbelieving.
The golden tower was utterly incredible.
When I first saw the tower I was utterly incredulous.

Pas
sed
صفة : التصريف الثالث – اسم المفعول من الفعل يمر

this is the past tense of the verb to pass.

Past
اسم : الماضى

the time before the present, no longer current.
He passed the ball to the striker.
He hoped that the unfortunate incident was now firmly in the past


Historic
صفة تاريخى ( له أثر تاريخى عظيم )

means having importance in or influence on history.


Historical
صفة : متصل بالتاريخ


means 'of or relating to the character of history.'
It was a wet day when **** set off on his historic voyage.
The archaeological find was of major historical significance.

Assert
فعل : يؤكد – يوافق بشكل ايجابى


to express or maintain positively/affirm.

Ensure
فعل : يتأكد من

to make sure or certain.

Assure
فعل : يؤكد أمر ما


to give confidence/remove doubt.
He was very keen to assert his innocence.
I wanted to ensure that the car would be ready on time.
The mechanic was able to assure me that my car would be ready on time.

Complement
فعل : يتمم أو يكمل


to complete, make whole or bring to perfection.

Compliment
فعل : يعبر عن شكر أو امتنان


an expression of praise, admiration or congratulation.
The wine complemented the fish perfectly.
The guests complimented her on the lovely meal.

Precede
فعل : يسبق – يأتى قبل

to come before in time or rank.

Proceed
فعل : يكمل – يستمر

to go forward or onwards.
The abstract should precede the main body of the report.
I instructed him to proceed with the research.

Advice
اسم : نصيحة
is the noun

Advise
فعل : ينصح

is the verb.
She gave me some good advice about the problem of noisy neighbours.
I asked him to advise me about my noisy neighbours.

Your
صفة ملكية : ينتمى إليك – يخصك


means belonging to you.


You're
الصيغة المختصرة من you are


is the contracted form of 'you are'.
Are these smelly things your shoes?
You're going to have to get rid of these shoes, they're beyond repair.

Loath
صفة : مشمئز


reluctant or unwilling


Loathe
فعل : يمقت أو يكره

to hate or detest.
I am loath to finish this report; I am uninterested in the subject.
I loathe this room; the wallpaper will have to be changed.

Climactic
Climax صفة : مصطلح له عبارة ب
قمة الأحداث و خاصة فى الدراما

relating to or resulting in a climax.


Climatic
صفة : له علاقة بالطقس

relating to the climate.
The war was described as a climactic event.
While planning the voyage, he paid close attention to the climatic conditions.

Dependent
صفة : تابع

relying on or requiring the aid of another.


Dependant
صفة : معال – يعتمد على غيره خاصة فيما يتعلق بالنواحى المادية

one who relies on another especially for financial support.
I am dependent on my supervisor for some good advice.
He wanted to emigrate with his wife and all his dependants.


Council
اسم : مجلس – جمعية مجموعة من الناس



an assembly or collection of persons
.

Counsel
فعل: يعطى النصيحة أو يسدى بالرأى و المشورة


(to give) advice, opinions or advice.
He was elected to represent his class on the school council.
I would counsel you to pay the fine and draw a line under the matter.

Prophesy
أسم : ينطق بوحى من الله


to reveal by divine inspiration.

Prophecy
نبوءة من نبى أو رسول

an inspired utterance of a prophet.
The mystic used to sit beneath the waterfall and prophesy.
He would sit next to the waterfall and deliver his prophecy.


Stationary
اسم : ثابت مستقر
not moving.

Stationery
اسم : الاحتياجات – التموين


office supplies.
The broken down car was stationary.
Finding he had run out of pencils, Mr Bush ordered more stationery
.

Economic
صفة : ذو علاقة بالاقتصاد


of or relating to the economy.

Economical
صفة : مقتصد أو مدبر

thrifty and prudent in management.
The country was experiencing a period of sustained economic growth.
The minister was accused of being somewhat economical with the truth.

will be continue..........

الأسماء Nouns ( الجزء الثاني)

( الجزء الثاني)
قبل أن نكمل الجزء الثاني هناك نقطة يجب ذكرها
هناك بعض الأسماء لها نفس الصيغة سواء في المفرد أو الجمع

Examples / أمثلة
Dear--- dear
Fish --- fish
Means --- means
Series--- series
Sheep--- sheep
Species --- species

الأسماء الملكية Possessive Nouns
وهي الأسماء التي تثبت ملكية شيء معين إلى شخص معين

أولا : في حالة المفرد
أي إذا كان الإسم مفرداً نقوم بصياغة الملكية عن طريق إضافة الفاصلة العليا
ثم S

هذه أمثلة على الأسماء المفردة
The girl
Naser
My wife
A lady

نصيغها في الملكية تصبح
The girl´s
Naser´s
My wife´s
A lady´s



وهذه جمل توضح الملكية للمفرد
The red suitcase is Salwa's
الشنطة الحمراء هي لكساندرا (أي هي ملك لسلوى )

This is Naser´s pen
هذا قلم ناصر ( يملكه ناصر)

ثانيا: في حالة الجمع
نقوم بصياغة الملكية عن طريق (العكس)
إضافة S ثم الفاصلة العليا
أمثلة :
'The girls--- the girls
'Their wives --- their wives
'The ladies--- the ladies

إذا لو لاحظنا إنه هذه الأسماء في صيغة الجمع بعكس السابقة
في حالة المفرد لذلك كل حالة لها خاصية في صياغة الملكية
* في الجزء الأول من الدرس ذكرنا أن هناك بعض الأسماء شاذة
لا تنجمع بالطريقة العادية عن طريق إضافة S وهي :
Man--- men
Child --- children
Mouse--- mice
Foot--- feet
Goose --- geese
Tooth --- teeth
Woman--- women
louse--- lice

صيغة الجمع من هذه الأسماء لو أردنا صياغة الملكية منها
نقوم بإضافة فاصلة عليا ثم حرفS يعني مثل حالة المفرد
أمثلة :
The men--- the men´s
My children--- my children´s

الأسماء المعدودة والغير معدودة
Countable & Non-Countable Nouns
لابد أن نعرف الفرق بين الإثنين وهما عكس بعضهما

أولاً : الأسماء المعدودة Countable Nouns
وتشمل الأسماء التي يستطيع أي شخص عدها ولاتمثل صعوبة في العد مثل التفاح ..الأقلام ..الكراسي ..الكتب ...إلخ
يعني أشياء نقدر أن نحصيها وهذه الأسماء يمكن صياغة المفرد والجمع منها
مثال :
Book --- books
أمثلة في جمل :
We painted the table red and the chairs blue
قمنا بطلاء الطاولة الحمراء والكراسي الزرقاء

إذاً من شروط الإسم المعدود
1- قد يكون مسبوقاً بـ
A/an في حالة المفرد

2- ينتهي بـ
S/es في حالة الجمع

وقد نستخدم العبارات التالية قبل الإسم المعدود لإفادة الكثةو أو الجمع مثل
Many , a lot of ,some , two , three . four وأي عدد
A chair--- many chairs
A chair --- a lot of chairs
A chair --- some chairs
A chair --- three chairs
ولو حبينا نسأل نستخدم
How many ……..?
مثال :
How many apples are there؟

ثانيا : الأسماء غير المعدودة Non-Countable Nouns
(or mass noun)
هي الأسماء التي من الصعب والمستحيل أن نحصيها ونقوم بعدها لصعوبة ذلك في الحقيقة
مثل الأثاث ، الأوكسجين, الأرز , العصير و الماء ....إلخ

من شروط الإسم الغير معدود :
1- ليس مسبوقا بـ A/an

2- لايمكن صياغة الجمه منه بإضافة S/es

يمكن إضافة كلمات تدل على الجمع فقط مثل :
Much , a lot of , some
water--- some water
water--- a lot of water
water--- much water

ولو حبينا نسأل نستخدم
How much………؟

لذلك لابد نفرق بين الإثنين لنطبق القواعد الصحيحة